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囲い込み， かこいこみ

1. enclosure

tbd

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関する， かんする

1. to concern, to be related

相关

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要点， ようてん

1. gist, main point

tbd

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エスニック

1. ethnic

tbd

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構成， こうせい

1. composition, construction, formation, makeup, structure, organization, organisation

构成

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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明確， めいかく

1. clear, precise, definite, distinct

tbd

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記述， きじゅつ

1. description, account

tbd

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なければならない， なければなりません， なければいけない

1. have to do, must, should, ought to

必须，应该

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言う， 云う， 謂う， いう， ゆう

1. to say, to utter, to declare 2. to name, to call 3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"), to make a noise

说，宣读，声明；称呼；发出(例如：警报响了‘叮’的一声)，发出声响

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である

1. be, is

是、=です、=だ

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に

1. at (place, time), in, on, during 2. to (direction, state), toward, into 3. for (purpose) 4. because of (reason), for, with 5. by, from 6. as (i.e. in the role of) 7. per, in, for, a (e.g. "once a month") 8. and, in addition to 9. if, although

tbd

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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と

1. if, when 2. and 3. with 4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) 5. promoted pawn 6. indicates a question

表示引用

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こと， 事， 縡

1. thing, matter 2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis 3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs 4. work, business, affair 5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...

tbd

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