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同様に， どうように

1. identically, in the (exact) same way, similarly

tbd

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弁論， 辯論， べんろん

1. discussion, debate, argument

tbd

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概念， がいねん

1. general idea, concept, notion

tbd

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歴史， れきし

1. history

历史

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あらかじめ， 予め

1. beforehand, in advance, ahead of time, previously

事先；提前；提前；预先

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定める， さだめる

1. to decide, to determine 2. to establish, to lay down, to prescribe, to provide, to stipulate 3. to bring peace (to), to make peaceful

决定；确定；确立；规定；指定；提供；阐明；给……带来和平；使……安宁

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道のり， 道程， みちのり， どうてい

1. distance, journey, itinerary 2. path (e.g. to one's goal), way, process, route, road

tbd

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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たどる， 辿る

1. to follow (a road, path, etc.), to trace 2. to follow (a clue, scent, tracks, plot, etc.), to trace (a route, history, family tree, etc.), to retrace (e.g. one's memory), to search, to go over 3. to head towards (of a situation), to go in the dire...

tbd

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と

1. if, when 2. and 3. with 4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) 5. promoted pawn 6. indicates a question

表示引用

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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が

1. indicates the subject of a sentence 2. indicates possession 3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while 4. and 5. used after an introductory remark or explanation 6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ... 7. indicates a des...

tbd

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