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研究， けんきゅう

1. research, study, investigation

研究

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提出， 堤出， ていしゅつ

1. presentation (of documents), submission (of an application, report, etc.), production (e.g. of evidence), introduction (e.g. of a bill), filing, turning in

文件提交、申请/报告等递交、证据等出示、法案等提出、归档、提交

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される， 為れる

1. to be done (to someone or something) 2. to do, to be doing

(对某人或某物)进行某种动作，する的被动形态；(对某人或某物)正在做，即将做

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議論， ぎろん

1. argument, discussion, dispute, controversy

tbd

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最初， さいしょ

1. beginning, outset, first, onset

tbd

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麻薬， 痲薬， まやく

1. narcotic, drug, dope

大麻(毒品)；麻醉品，毒品

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関連， 関聯， かんれん

1. relation, connection, relevance

关联

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犯罪， はんざい

1. crime, offence, offense

犯罪

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関する， かんする

1. to concern, to be related

相关

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白書， はくしょ

1. white paper (government report)

白皮书（政府报告）

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として

1. as (i.e. in the role of), for (i.e. from the viewpoint of) 2. apart from... (used to change the topic) 3. even (e.g. "not even a single person") 4. thinking that..., trying to...

考虑到……，试图……；作为（即以……的身份），对于（即从……的角度）

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出版， 出板， しゅっぱん

1. publication

出版

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ものである

1. is something that, is that which

tbd

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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で

1. at, in 2. at, when 3. by, with 4. within, in 5. and then, so 6. and, then 7. let me tell you, don't you know

表示范围

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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に

1. at (place, time), in, on, during 2. to (direction, state), toward, into 3. for (purpose) 4. because of (reason), for, with 5. by, from 6. as (i.e. in the role of) 7. per, in, for, a (e.g. "once a month") 8. and, in addition to 9. if, although

tbd

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する， 為る

1. to do, to carry out, to perform 2. to cause to become, to make (into), to turn (into) 3. to serve as, to act as, to work as 4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) 5. to judge as being, to view as being, to think of as, to treat as, to use...

做，作，干，执行

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