1. indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
3. indicates an area traversed
4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
6. indicates object of d...
1. to read
2. to recite (e.g. a sutra), to chant
3. to predict, to guess, to forecast, to read (someone's thoughts), to see (e.g. into someone's heart), to divine
4. to pronounce, to read (e.g. a kanji)
5. to decipher, to read (a meter, graph, music,...
1. to do, to carry out, to perform
2. to cause to become, to make (into), to turn (into)
3. to serve as, to act as, to work as
4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
5. to judge as being, to view as being, to think of as, to treat as, to use...
1. too, also, in addition, as well, (not) either (in a negative sentence)
2. both A and B, A as well as B, neither A nor B (in a negative sentence)
3. even, as much as, as many as, as far as, as long as, no less than, no fewer than
4. even if, even t...
1. thing, matter
2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis
3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs
4. work, business, affair
5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...
1. indicates the subject of a sentence
2. indicates possession
3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while
4. and
5. used after an introductory remark or explanation
6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ...
7. indicates a des...