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この， こん， 此の， 斯の

1. this 2. last (couple of years, etc.), these, past, this 3. you (as in "you liar")

这个；最近（几年等）、这些、过去、这个；你（例如指“你这个骗子”）

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国， 邦， 國， くに

1. country, state 2. region 3. national government, central government 4. home (i.e. hometown, home country) 5. province (of Japan) 6. land, earth

国家；中央政府

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年間， ねんかん

1. (period of) a year 2. during the era (of)

一年中，一年间；……年间

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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通じて， つうじて

1. through, via 2. throughout, all through, all over

tbd

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気温， きおん

1. (air) temperature

气温

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変動， へんどう

1. change, fluctuation

tbd

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ほとんどない， 殆どない， 殆ど無い

1. hardly any, almost nonexistent, very little

tbd

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で

1. at, in 2. at, when 3. by, with 4. within, in 5. and then, so 6. and, then 7. let me tell you, don't you know

表示范围

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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が

1. indicates the subject of a sentence 2. indicates possession 3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while 4. and 5. used after an introductory remark or explanation 6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ... 7. indicates a des...

tbd

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