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ここ， 此処， 此所， 是， 茲， 爰

1. here, this place 2. this point, here, now 3. these past ... (e.g. three years), these last ... 4. the next ... (e.g. few days), these next ...

这，这儿，这里；此刻，此处，当下；过去的……(例如三年)，最近的……；接下来……(例如几天内)，这些接下来的……

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東京， 東亰， とうきょう， とうけい

1. Tokyo

tbd

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まで， 迄

1. until (a time), till, to, up to 2. to (a place or person), as far as 3. to (an extent), up to, so far as, even 4. only, merely

到，到……为止，直到；到某地，去见某人

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どれくらい， どれぐらい， どれ位

1. how long, how far, how much

tbd

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道のり， 道程， みちのり， どうてい

1. distance, journey, itinerary 2. path (e.g. to one's goal), way, process, route, road

tbd

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から

1. from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity), since 2. from (originator), by 3. because, since 4. out of (constituent, part) 5. through (e.g. window, vestibule) 6. after, since 7. expresses sympathy or warning

从，自……；因为；被，用于……

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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