1. national language
2. Japanese language (esp. as a school subject in Japan)
3. one's native language, mother tongue
4. native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords and Chinese-derived words)
1. too, also, in addition, as well, (not) either (in a negative sentence)
2. both A and B, A as well as B, neither A nor B (in a negative sentence)
3. even, as much as, as many as, as far as, as long as, no less than, no fewer than
4. even if, even t...