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肥大， ひだい

1. swelling, enlargement, becoming fat 2. hypertrophy

tbd

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化， か

1. change to ..., becoming ..., making into ..., -ization, -ification

tbd

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過度， かど

1. excessive, immoderate

tbd

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商業化， しょうぎょうか

1. commercialization, commercialisation

tbd

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問題， もんだい

1. question (e.g. on a test), problem 2. problem (e.g. societal, political), question, issue, subject (e.g. of research), case, matter 3. question (i.e. doubt) 4. public discussion, controversy 5. trouble, problem, inconvenience, difficulty

问题（例如在考试中），难题；麻烦、问题、不便、困难；问题（如社会性、政治性问题）、疑问、议题、课题（如研究课题）、案例、事项；疑问；公开讨论，争议

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抱える， かかえる

1. to hold in one's arms, to carry in one's arms, to carry under one's arm, to hold (one's head) in one's hands 2. to have (problems, debts, etc.), to take on (a responsibility), to be burdened with (e.g. care of a family member), to have (children, ...

抱在怀里，扛在怀里，腋下夹着，用手托着(头)；有(问题、债务等)、承担(责任)、负担(如照顾家庭成员)、有(子女等)要供养；雇用，拥有(自己的员工)，雇佣

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五輪， ごりん

1. Olympic Games, Olympics 2. Olympic rings

tbd

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世紀， せいき

1. century 2. era 3. of the century (e.g. fight of the century)

tbd

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向かう， 向う， 対う， むかう

1. to face 2. to go towards, to head towards

面向；朝……，向……

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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も

1. too, also, in addition, as well, (not) either (in a negative sentence) 2. both A and B, A as well as B, neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) 3. even, as much as, as many as, as far as, as long as, no less than, no fewer than 4. even if, even t...

tbd

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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に

1. at (place, time), in, on, during 2. to (direction, state), toward, into 3. for (purpose) 4. because of (reason), for, with 5. by, from 6. as (i.e. in the role of) 7. per, in, for, a (e.g. "once a month") 8. and, in addition to 9. if, although

tbd

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