1. national language
2. Japanese language (esp. as a school subject in Japan)
3. one's native language, mother tongue
4. native Japanese words (as opposed to loanwords and Chinese-derived words)
1. indicates the subject of a sentence
2. indicates possession
3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while
4. and
5. used after an introductory remark or explanation
6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ...
7. indicates a des...