-----------------------------------
言う， 云う， 謂う， いう， ゆう
1. to say, to utter, to declare
2. to name, to call
3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"), to make a noise
说，宣读，声明；称呼；发出(例如：警报响了‘叮’的一声)，发出声响
の
1. indicates possessive
2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives
3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases
4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion
5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis
6. (at sentence-end, risi...
句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系
こと， 事， 縡
1. thing, matter
2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis
3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs
4. work, business, affair
5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...
tbd