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年寄り， 年寄， 年より， としより

1. old person, elderly person, senior citizen 2. trustee of the Japan Sumo Association, retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay 3. senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate) 4. important local official (un...

老人，老年人

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二度目， ２度目， にどめ

1. the second time

第二次

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子供， 子ども， こども

1. child, children

儿童，小孩

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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