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理由， りゆう， わけ

1. reason, pretext, motive

理由，借口，动机

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以下， 已下， いか， いげ

1. not exceeding ..., not more than ..., ... and under, ... and below, ... or fewer 2. below (a standard, level, etc.), under, beneath, less than 3. the following, the below-mentioned, the rest, followed by ... 4. including ..., ... and other (employ...

不超过，低于，少于；低于(标准)；以下，下面，接着

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である

1. be, is

是、=です、=だ

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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通り， とおり

1. street, road, avenue, thoroughfare 2. traffic, coming and going 3. flow (of water, air, etc.), passage, running 4. transmission (of sound), reach (of voice) 5. reputation, favor, favour, popularity 6. understanding, comprehension, comprehensibilit...

大街，大道；交通，来来去去；名声，知名度；理解、领会、可理解性、清晰度

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