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昔， むかし

1. the old days, the past, former times, a long time ago 2. the past ten years, the past decade

从前，很久以前；过去十年，过去的十年

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いかなる， 如何なる

1. any kind of, every, whatsoever, whatever

tbd

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重税， じゅうぜい

1. heavy taxation

tbd

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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課す， かす

1. to impose (a tax, fine, etc.), to levy, to assign (a task, duty, etc.), to give, to set

征收(税款、罚款等)，课征，分配(任务、职责等)，给予，设定

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苦しめる， くるしめる

1. to torment, to pain, to inflict (physical) pain, to hurt 2. to harass, to cause (emotional) pain, to afflict, to distress, to bother, to trouble, to stump, to baffle

tbd

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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も

1. too, also, in addition, as well, (not) either (in a negative sentence) 2. both A and B, A as well as B, neither A nor B (in a negative sentence) 3. even, as much as, as many as, as far as, as long as, no less than, no fewer than 4. even if, even t...

tbd

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に

1. at (place, time), in, on, during 2. to (direction, state), toward, into 3. for (purpose) 4. because of (reason), for, with 5. by, from 6. as (i.e. in the role of) 7. per, in, for, a (e.g. "once a month") 8. and, in addition to 9. if, although

tbd

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