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西洋人， せいようじん

1. Western person, Westerner

tbd

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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いわば， 言わば， 謂わば

1. so to speak, so to call it, as it were

姑且这么说，姑且这么称呼，可以这么说

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入れ替える， 入れ換える， 入れかえる， 入れ代える， いれかえる

1. to replace, to substitute, to shift, to change places

替换，替代，转换，调换位置

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なければならない， なければなりません， なければいけない

1. have to do, must, should, ought to

必须，应该

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と

1. if, when 2. and 3. with 4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) 5. promoted pawn 6. indicates a question

表示引用

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私， わたし

1. I, me

我

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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頭， あたま， かしら

1. head 2. hair (on one's head) 3. mind, brains, intellect 4. leader, chief, boss, captain 5. top, tip 6. beginning, start 7. head, person 8. down payment, deposit 9. top structural component of a kanji 10. pair

头；头脑；领导，老板，上级等

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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中， なか

1. inside, interior 2. among, within 3. middle, center, centre 4. during, while, middle, midst, amid 5. interval, gap 6. mean, average 7. second (of three, e.g. sons, volumes), middle 8. medium grade, medium quality 9. red-light district

内，内部；中，其中；中，中心；当……，……时，……期间；中等

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