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西欧諸国， せいおうしょこく

1. West European countries

tbd

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この， こん， 此の， 斯の

1. this 2. last (couple of years, etc.), these, past, this 3. you (as in "you liar")

这个；最近（几年等）、这些、过去、这个；你（例如指“你这个骗子”）

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問題， もんだい

1. question (e.g. on a test), problem 2. problem (e.g. societal, political), question, issue, subject (e.g. of research), case, matter 3. question (i.e. doubt) 4. public discussion, controversy 5. trouble, problem, inconvenience, difficulty

问题（例如在考试中），难题；麻烦、问题、不便、困难；问题（如社会性、政治性问题）、疑问、议题、课题（如研究课题）、案例、事项；疑问；公开讨论，争议

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に対する， に對する， にたいする

1. regarding, in, to, towards, with regards to

针对，对于

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日本， にほん， にっぽん

1. Japan

日本

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姿勢， しせい

1. posture, pose, position, stance, carriage (of the body) 2. attitude, approach, stance

姿势；态度，方式，立场

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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激しい， 烈しい， 劇しい， はげしい

1. violent, furious, tempestuous 2. extreme, intense, fierce, strong 3. fervent, vehement 4. incessant, relentless 5. precipitous, steep

激烈的，猛烈的

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非難， 批難， ひなん

1. criticism, blame, censure, attack, reproach

批评、指责、谴责、抨击、斥责

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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