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寝坊， ねぼう

1. sleeping in late, oversleeping 2. late riser, sleepyhead

tbd

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遅刻， ちこく

1. lateness, tardiness, arriving late

迟到

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言い訳， 言いわけ， 言訳， 言い分け， 言分け， いいわけ

1. excuse 2. explanation

tbd

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には

1. to, for, on, in, at 2. in order to, for 3. as for, regarding 4. while it is (was) the case that ..., indeed ... (but), certainly ... (but)

tbd

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ならない

1. cannot help (feeling), unbearably, awfully, irresistibly 2. must not ..., should not ... 3. must ..., have to ..., ought to ... 4. cannot, unable to 5. not

tbd

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言う， 云う， 謂う， いう， ゆう

1. to say, to utter, to declare 2. to name, to call 3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"), to make a noise

说，宣读，声明；称呼；发出(例如：警报响了‘叮’的一声)，发出声响

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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覚える， 憶える， おぼえる

1. to memorize, to memorise, to commit to memory, to learn by heart, to bear in mind, to remember 2. to learn, to pick up, to acquire 3. to feel 4. to think, to regard

熟记；学习，学会，获得；感受；思考，看待

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おく， 置く

1. to put, to place 2. to leave (behind) 3. to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.), to set up 4. to appoint (someone to a certain position), to hire, to employ 5. to place (one's trust, one's faith, etc.), to bear (in mind, etc....

放置；安置；留下(在后面)；建立(一个组织、一个设施、一个职位等)，设立；任命(某人担任某一职务)，雇用，聘用；给予(信任、信心等)，铭记(于心等)；放下工具(例如一支笔)，从而停止使用该工具进行的当前的操作；接待(寄宿者等)，在自家房屋中提供住宿服务；提前做某事；使某物呈现某种状态；使某物保持某种状态；在空间上或时间上分开

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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と

1. if, when 2. and 3. with 4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) 5. promoted pawn 6. indicates a question

表示引用

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こと， 事， 縡

1. thing, matter 2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis 3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs 4. work, business, affair 5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...

tbd

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