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信仰， しんこう

1. (religious) faith, belief, creed

（宗教）信仰、信念、信条

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問題， もんだい

1. question (e.g. on a test), problem 2. problem (e.g. societal, political), question, issue, subject (e.g. of research), case, matter 3. question (i.e. doubt) 4. public discussion, controversy 5. trouble, problem, inconvenience, difficulty

问题（例如在考试中），难题；麻烦、问题、不便、困难；问题（如社会性、政治性问题）、疑问、议题、课题（如研究课题）、案例、事项；疑问；公开讨论，争议

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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考える， 勘える， 稽える， かんがえる

1. to think (about, of), to think over, to ponder, to contemplate, to reflect (on), to meditate (on) 2. to consider, to bear in mind, to allow for, to take into consideration 3. to think (that), to believe, to hold (a view), to judge, to conclude, to...

想，思考；考虑

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年代， ねんだい

1. age, era, period, date

tbd

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及び， 及， および

1. and, as well as

并且，还有；以及

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西欧， せいおう

1. Western Europe 2. the West, the Occident, Europe

tbd

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共産主義， きょうさんしゅぎ

1. communism, collectivism

共产主义

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恋愛， れんあい

1. love, love-making, passion, emotion, affections

tbd

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という， とゆう， と言う

1. called, named, that says, that 2. as many as, as much as 3. all ..., every single ...

叫做，被称作，意思是说，那样；多达；如此多；所有……，每一个单独的……

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向かう， 向う， 対う， むかう

1. to face 2. to go towards, to head towards

面向；朝……，向……

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ざるを得ない， ざるをえない

1. have to, have no choice but to, cannot help (doing), be compelled to, be obliged to, be forced to

tbd

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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と

1. if, when 2. and 3. with 4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) 5. promoted pawn 6. indicates a question

表示引用

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こと， 事， 縡

1. thing, matter 2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis 3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs 4. work, business, affair 5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...

tbd

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に

1. at (place, time), in, on, during 2. to (direction, state), toward, into 3. for (purpose) 4. because of (reason), for, with 5. by, from 6. as (i.e. in the role of) 7. per, in, for, a (e.g. "once a month") 8. and, in addition to 9. if, although

tbd

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