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諸君， しょくん

1. you (people) 2. gentlemen, ladies and gentlemen, my friends, everyone

tbd

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まず， 先ず

1. first (of all), firstly, to begin with, before anything else 2. probably, most likely, almost certainly, virtually 3. more or less (satisfactory), on the whole, reasonably 4. anyway, at any rate, for now (at least), for the time being

首先

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学ぶ， まなぶ

1. to learn, to study, to take lessons in

学习、研究、上……课学习

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なければならない， なければなりません， なければいけない

1. have to do, must, should, ought to

必须，应该

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自分自身， じぶんじしん

1. oneself, myself

自己；我自己

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考え， かんがえ

1. thinking, thought, view, opinion, concept 2. idea, notion, imagination 3. intention, plan, design 4. consideration, judgement, deliberation, reflection 5. wish, hope, expectation

思考、想法、观点、意见、概念；想法、观念、想象；意图、计划、设计；考虑、判断、深思熟虑、反思；愿望、希望、期望

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によって， に因って， に依って

1. according to, by (means of), due to, because of

根据；用……(方法)；因为

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自立， じりつ

1. independence, self-reliance

tbd

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である

1. be, is

是、=です、=だ

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が

1. indicates the subject of a sentence 2. indicates possession 3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while 4. and 5. used after an introductory remark or explanation 6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ... 7. indicates a des...

tbd

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こと， 事， 縡

1. thing, matter 2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis 3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs 4. work, business, affair 5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...

tbd

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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する， 為る

1. to do, to carry out, to perform 2. to cause to become, to make (into), to turn (into) 3. to serve as, to act as, to work as 4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.) 5. to judge as being, to view as being, to think of as, to treat as, to use...

做，作，干，执行

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