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問題， もんだい

1. question (e.g. on a test), problem 2. problem (e.g. societal, political), question, issue, subject (e.g. of research), case, matter 3. question (i.e. doubt) 4. public discussion, controversy 5. trouble, problem, inconvenience, difficulty

问题（例如在考试中），难题；麻烦、问题、不便、困难；问题（如社会性、政治性问题）、疑问、议题、课题（如研究课题）、案例、事项；疑问；公开讨论，争议

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この， こん， 此の， 斯の

1. this 2. last (couple of years, etc.), these, past, this 3. you (as in "you liar")

这个；最近（几年等）、这些、过去、这个；你（例如指“你这个骗子”）

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必要， 必用， ひつよう

1. necessary, needed, essential, indispensable 2. necessity, need, requirement

必要的，必需的，必不可少的，不可缺少的；必要性，需要，要求

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隔たり， へだたり

1. distance, interval, gap, difference, estrangement

距离，间隔，差距，差异

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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知覚， 智覚， ちかく

1. perception, sensation, awareness

tbd

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である

1. be, is

是、=です、=だ

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言う， 云う， 謂う， いう， ゆう

1. to say, to utter, to declare 2. to name, to call 3. to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"), to make a noise

说，宣读，声明；称呼；发出(例如：警报响了‘叮’的一声)，发出声响

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ある， 有る， 在る

1. to be, to exist, to live 2. to have 3. to be located 4. to be equipped with 5. to happen, to come about

有，存在；有，拥有；发生；位于；配备

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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が

1. indicates the subject of a sentence 2. indicates possession 3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while 4. and 5. used after an introductory remark or explanation 6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ... 7. indicates a des...

tbd

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と

1. if, when 2. and 3. with 4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.) 5. promoted pawn 6. indicates a question

表示引用

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に

1. at (place, time), in, on, during 2. to (direction, state), toward, into 3. for (purpose) 4. because of (reason), for, with 5. by, from 6. as (i.e. in the role of) 7. per, in, for, a (e.g. "once a month") 8. and, in addition to 9. if, although

tbd

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