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交互， こうご

1. alternate, alternating

交替的

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楽観主義， らっかんしゅぎ

1. optimism

tbd

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悲観， ひかん

1. pessimism, (taking a) gloomy view, discouragement, despondency, despair, disappointment

tbd

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主義， しゅぎ

1. doctrine, rule, principle, -ism

tbd

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私， わたし

1. I, me

我

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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に

1. at (place, time), in, on, during 2. to (direction, state), toward, into 3. for (purpose) 4. because of (reason), for, with 5. by, from 6. as (i.e. in the role of) 7. per, in, for, a (e.g. "once a month") 8. and, in addition to 9. if, although

tbd

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