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いぬ， イヌ， 犬， 狗

1. dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris) 2. squealer, rat, snitch, informer, informant, spy 3. loser, asshole 4. counterfeit, inferior, useless, wasteful

狗，犬

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それ， 其れ

1. that, it 2. then, that point (in time), that time 3. there 4. you

tbd

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前者， ぜんしゃ

1. the former, the first

tbd

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後者， こうしゃ

1. the latter, the second 2. successor, descendant

tbd

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私， わたし

1. I, me

我

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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方， ほう

1. direction, way, side, area (in a particular direction) 2. side (of an argument, etc.), one's part 3. type, category 4. field (of study, etc.) 5. indicates one side of a comparison 6. way, method, manner, means 7. length (of each side of a square)

方向，……侧，……边；……方；比较的一方；路，办法；边

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が

1. indicates the subject of a sentence 2. indicates possession 3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while 4. and 5. used after an introductory remark or explanation 6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ... 7. indicates a des...

tbd

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ねこ， ネコ， 猫

1. cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus) 2. shamisen 3. geisha 4. wheelbarrow 5. clay bed-warmer 6. bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)

猫(尤指家猫)；艺伎；独轮车；陶土暖床器；同性恋关系中处于被动地位的一方

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より

1. than 2. rather than, instead of, over, above 3. from, out of, since, at, on (and after) 4. except, but, other than 5. more

更，更加

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だ

1. be, is

断定助动词，是，是也

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