The widespread application of administrative guidance is considered to be a uniquely Japanese practice in which bureaucrats exert authority, without any legal backing, telling the private sector what to do and what not to do.
1. to think (about, of), to think over, to ponder, to contemplate, to reflect (on), to meditate (on)
2. to consider, to bear in mind, to allow for, to take into consideration
3. to think (that), to believe, to hold (a view), to judge, to conclude, to...
1. indicates direct object of action
2. indicates subject of causative expression
3. indicates an area traversed
4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place
5. indicates point of departure or separation of action
6. indicates object of d...
1. indicates the subject of a sentence
2. indicates possession
3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while
4. and
5. used after an introductory remark or explanation
6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ...
7. indicates a des...
1. thing, matter
2. incident, occurrence, event, something serious, trouble, crisis
3. circumstances, situation, state of affairs
4. work, business, affair
5. after an inflectable word, creates a noun phrase indicating something the speaker does not ...
1. to do, to carry out, to perform
2. to cause to become, to make (into), to turn (into)
3. to serve as, to act as, to work as
4. to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
5. to judge as being, to view as being, to think of as, to treat as, to use...