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母， はは， はわ， かか， おも， いろは， あも

1. mother

妈妈，母亲

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この， こん， 此の， 斯の

1. this 2. last (couple of years, etc.), these, past, this 3. you (as in "you liar")

这个；最近（几年等）、这些、过去、这个；你（例如指“你这个骗子”）

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を

1. indicates direct object of action 2. indicates subject of causative expression 3. indicates an area traversed 4. indicates time (period) over which action takes place 5. indicates point of departure or separation of action 6. indicates object of d...

表示动作的直接对象；表示经过的场所；表示离开或分开的点

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着る， 著る， きる

1. to wear (from the shoulders down), to put on 2. to take (the blame, responsibility), to bear

穿戴；穿上；承担(责任)，承受(指责)

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出かける， 出掛ける， でかける

1. to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing), to leave, to depart, to start, to set out 2. to be about to leave, to be just going out

外出（例如参加郊游或外出活动）、离开、启程、出发、动身；即将离开，正要出门

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は

1. indicates sentence topic 2. indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated) 3. adds emphasis

指示句子的主题

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の

1. indicates possessive 2. nominalizes verbs and adjectives 3. substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases 4. (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion 5. (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis 6. (at sentence-end, risi...

句尾起强调作用；助词，表示所有关系

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が

1. indicates the subject of a sentence 2. indicates possession 3. but, however, (and) yet, though, although, while 4. and 5. used after an introductory remark or explanation 6. regardless of ..., whether ... (or not), no matter ... 7. indicates a des...

tbd

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です

1. be, is

断定助动词，是，是也

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